BOTULISM, CANNED UNEVISCERATED FISH - USA: RECALL

From: Liz Brown (bfeab@uaf.edu)
Date: Thu Dec 07 2006 - 06:55:48 PST

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    > Date: Wed, 6 Dec 2006 12:13:59 -0500 (EST)
    > From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
    > Subject: PRO/EDR> Botulism, canned uneviscerated fish - USA: recall
    >
    > BOTULISM, CANNED UNEVISCERATED FISH - USA: RECALL
    > ***********************************************
    > A ProMED-mail post
    > <http://www.promedmail.org>
    > ProMED-mail is a program of the
    > International Society for Infectious Diseases
    > <http://www.isid.org>
    >
    >
    > Date: Tue 5 Dec 2006
    > From: Brent Barrett <salbrent@sbcglobal.net>
    > Source: FDA [edited]
    > <http://www.fda.gov/oc/po/firmrecalls/EastCoastFoods11_06.html>
    >
    >
    > East Coast Foods Inc. in Brooklyn, NY, is recalling 48 cans of Kaija
    > brand uneviscerated Herring in Special Brine. The uneviscerated fish
    > was discovered by New York State Department of Agriculture and
    > Markets inspectors during a routine inspection, and subsequent
    > analysis of the product by Food Laboratory personnel confirmed that
    > the fish had not been eviscerated prior to processing.
    >
    > This product may be contaminated with _Clostridium botulinum_ spores,
    > which can cause botulism, a serious and potentially fatal food-borne illness.
    >
    > The sale of this type of fish is prohibited under New York State
    > Department of Agriculture and Markets regulations because _C.
    > botulinum_ spores are more likely to be concentrated in the viscera
    > than in any other portion of the fish. Uneviscerated fish has been
    > linked to outbreaks of botulism poisoning.
    >
    > The recalled Kaija brand uneviscerated Herring in Special Brine, in
    > an un-coded 1300g metal can with Cyrillic but no English labeling,
    > was sold nationwide.
    >
    > No illnesses have been reported to date.
    >
    > Consumers who have Kaija brand uneviscerated Herring in Special Brine
    > are advised not to eat it but should return it to the place of
    > purchase. Consumers with questions should contact the company at
    > (718) 372-1113.
    >
    > - --
    > Brent Barrett
    > Indianapolis, IN, USA
    > <salbrent@sbcglobal.net>
    >
    > [The following is from FDA Regulations Section 540.650 -
    > Uneviscerated Fish Products that are Salt-cured, Dried, or Smoked (CPG 7108.17)
    > <http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/cpg/cpgfod/cpg540-650.htm>:
    >
    > Uneviscerated, salt-cured, whole fish products have caused several
    > outbreaks of botulism and death. _C. botulinum_ spores are ubiquitous
    > in fishery products and the marine environment. The spores represent
    > a public health hazard when conditions are suitable for vegetative
    > cell growth and toxin production.
    >
    > Three outbreaks of botulism, causing 3 deaths and 11 illnesses,
    > resulted from kapchunka in the USA between 1981 and 1987. Kapchunka,
    > an ethnic food usually produced from whitefish, is also known as
    > "rybetz," "ribeyza," or "rostov." Kapchunka is an uneviscerated,
    > salt-cured, air-dried, whole fish, which may or may not be smoked. It
    > is consumed without further preparation, such as cooking.
    >
    > The fish are salt-cured under minimum refrigeration conditions for a
    > minimum of 25 days and then air dried at ambient temperature for 3 to
    > 7 days. Kapchunka may be smoked before packing and are commonly
    > stored under refrigeration.
    >
    > In 1991, 2 botulism outbreaks occurred. In one, "Faseikh" was
    > implicated in at least 91 illnesses and 18 deaths in Egypt. Faseikh
    > is a traditional product made by fermenting uneviscerated fresh
    > mullet for up to one day and then salt-curing it in barrels which may
    > be tightly sealed from one week to one year. In another, an ethnic
    > fish product called "moloha" caused a botulism outbreak involving 4
    > family members in New Jersey. Moloha is an uneviscerated, salt-cured
    > fish product similar to "faseikh." The preparation steps in the New
    > Jersey incident were not identified since the source of the "moloha"
    > could not be found.
    >
    > Other salt-cured products, such as "bloaters," can also pose a public
    > health hazard. Bloaters are prepared by salt-curing uneviscerated,
    > whole herring, which may or may not be smoked. Bloaters may be
    > transformed into other products, such as fillets or bloater paste. In
    > addition to the products noted above, whole fish that are dried,
    > pickled, or fermented can also pose a public health hazard. The
    > referenced episodes of botulism are representative of a
    > well-documented history of life-threatening health hazards associated
    > with uneviscerated, salt-cured fish.
    >
    > The problems with these products are compounded by the difficulty in
    > attaining sufficient levels of salt in all portions of an
    > uneviscerated fish to inhibit the growth of the _C. botulinum_.
    > Consequently, any fish product that is salt-cured and then dried,
    > smoked, pickled, or fermented can pose a public health hazard. Toxin
    > may be present in these products even when there are no outward signs
    > of microbiological spoilage or other clear indications to alert the consumer.
    >
    > Control of growth and toxin production from _C. botulinum_ in fishery
    > products is based on spore destruction (e.g., retorting canned foods)
    > or inhibition of vegetative cell growth (e.g., control of water
    > activity, or pH, or use of approved chemical inhibitors). The control
    > measures must be applied rapidly and uniformly throughout the product
    > to protect consumers from this potentially life-threatening toxin.
    >
    > Control of botulism can also be achieved in salted, dried, or smoked
    > products prepared from small species of uneviscerated fish (generally
    > 3 to 5 inches in length). Typically, these products are prepared from
    > small anchovy and herring sprats. As uneviscerated fish under 5
    > inches in length are processed, their smaller size helps to ensure
    > complete permeation of the flesh with inhibitory levels of salt or
    > drying to a uniformly low water activity, resulting in the attainment
    > of conditions that prevent the growth of _C. botulinum_.
    >
    > FDA considers uneviscerated fish that are salt-cured, dried, or
    > smoked to represent a potentially life-threatening health hazard. In
    > addition, fillets, parts, or other products derived from
    > uneviscerated fish pose the same potential health hazard as the
    > original product. Therefore, with the exception of small,
    > uneviscerated fish as described above, FDA considers uneviscerated
    > fish that have been salt-cured, dried, or smoked, as well as products
    > made from them, to be adulterated within the meaning of section
    > 402(a)(4) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, in that the
    > product has been prepared, packed, or held under unsanitary
    > conditions whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health.
    > These products are hazardous whether stored at ambient temperature,
    > refrigerated, or frozen, or whether packaged in air, vacuum, or
    > modified atmosphere.
    >
    > It is not clear what the size of the canned herring was in this recall.
    >
    > ProMED thanks Brent Barrett for this posting. - Mod.LL]
    >

    -- 
    Liz Brown
    Assistant Professor
    Alaska Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program
    School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences
    University of Alaska Fairbanks
    PO Box 1549
    Dillingham, Alaska 99576
    907-842-1265
    fax 907-842-3202
    http://seagrant.uaf.edu/map
    



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