chelonitoxication

From: Liz Brown (bfeab@uaf.edu)
Date: Mon Jun 19 2006 - 21:09:15 PDT

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    Here's an interesting twist on seafood safety.
    ================================================
    > ProMED Digest Sunday, June 18 2006 Volume 2006 : Number 280
    >
    > Date: Sat, 17 Jun 2006 10:52:35 -0400 (EDT)
    > From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
    > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Food poisoning, fatal, turtle meat - Indonesia (Siberut Island)
    >
    > FOOD POISONING, FATAL, TURTLE MEAT - INDONESIA (SIBERUT ISLAND)
    > ********************************************
    > A ProMED-mail post
    > <http://www.promedmail.org
    > ProMED-mail is a program of the
    > International Society for Infectious Diseases
    > <http://www.isid.org>
    >
    > Date: Thu, 15 Jun 2006
    > From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
    > Source: TVNZ.co.nz [edited]
    > <http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411366/750535>
    >
    >
    > Ten people have died and another has been hospitalized after consuming
    > turtle meat on a remote island off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
    > The deaths occurred late last week after residents on Siberut Island ate
    > turtle meat during a wedding party.
    >
    > Local residents say it is a local Mentawai tradition to consume turtle meat
    > at weddings. The family fell ill with vomiting after eating turtle soup
    > made from a turtle they had captured. Three children died that day and 7
    > others died in hospital.
    >
    > A local health official says preliminary findings indicate the fatalities
    > were due to food poisoning after consuming turtle meat.
    >
    > - --
    > ProMED-mail
    > <promed@promedmail.org>
    >
    > [Siberut Island is a small island off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
    > It is under the control of the Indonesian government, but remains separate
    > from the rest of the country. Siberut Island is home to the Mentawai
    > people, who are native to the island, having had their first encounter with
    > the western world in the 1970s.
    >
    > A map of Indonesia showing the location of the island can be found at:
    > <http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dsiberut%2520island%2520map%26prssweb%3DSearch%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3DFP-tab-web-t376%26x%3Dwrt%26fr2%3Dtab-web&w=300&h=300&imgurl=www.apsaras.com%2Fgraphics%2Fmap-siberut.gif&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apsaras.com%2Fsiberut-summary.html&size=15.3kB&name=map-siberut.gif&p=siberut+island+map&type=gif&no=1&tt=2&ei=UTF-8>
    >
    > ProMED would appreciate more information regarding this and similar events.
    > Whether this outbreak represents the below entity is not clear from the
    > posting.
    >
    > Episodes of sea turtle poisoning can be found in the literature. One
    > example was posted in the Sea Turtle List-serve <cturtle@lists.ufl.edu> by
    > a marine conservation officer in the Solomon Islands:
    >
    > "28 people (20 children and 8 adults) of Niniveh Village in Marovo Lagoon,
    > western province, Solomon Islands suffered nausea, vomiting, abdominal
    > pains, needles and pins and general weakness after eating turtle meat
    > (which turtle species is yet to be confirmed) on the evening of 16 Jan
    > 2001. The symptoms described occurred 4-6 hours after consumption of turtle
    > meat. The said people consumed only turtle meat (no other protein source
    > consumed). Those who did not consume turtle meat did not experience the
    > symptoms.
    >
    > 6 people (all children between 3 months - 11 years old) out of the 28
    > people died within 5 days. Observers reported that the turtle, when caught,
    > was weak; upon being butchered, it was reported to have gut contents
    > smaller than usual; there was a strong smell of urea/urine in the gut, and
    > the meat was unusually soft."
    >
    > Other citations include (both from Madagascar):
    >
    > Yasumoto T: Fish poisoning due to toxins of microalgal origin in the
    > Pacific. Toxicon 1998; 36:1515-18:
    >
    > "From the meat of a turtle, _Chelonia mydas_, implicated in fatal
    > intoxication, lyngbyatoxin A was identified. . . As turtles feed on sea
    > grass, contaminating blue-green algae belonging to genus _Lyngbya_ were
    > deduced to be the source of the toxin."
    >
    > Ranaivoson G, Champetier de Ribes G, Mamy ER, et al: Mass food poisoning
    > after eating sea turtle in the Antalaha district. [Article in French] Arch
    > Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 1994; 61:84-6:
    >
    > Abstract: In December 1994, a mass food poisoning through ingestion of
    > turtle affected about 60 persons on the northeastern coast of Madagascar.
    > The prevailing clinical signs were digestive (nausea, vomiting, dysphagia,
    > acute stomatitis) and might persist during several weeks. The poisoning
    > attack rate was 48 percent with a lethality of 7.7 percent. Such [an]
    > accident, even if rare in Madagascar, requires a structured organization to
    > control sea products poisoning and to set up adequate prevention measures.
    >
    > Turtle poisoning (chelonitoxication) appears to be caused by eating the
    > flesh of certain marine turtles (Green Sea Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle,
    > Leatherback Turtle). Turtle meat is considered a delicacy in many
    > countries. Hawksbills carry a toxin in their skin called chelonitoxin,
    > which may be accumulated through the food chain as noted above. People who
    > eat the skin and/or meat of the turtle can experience nausea, a burning
    > sensation of the lips, tongue, and mouth, difficulty in swallowing, and a
    > tightness in the chest, skin rash, enlargement of the liver, or even coma
    > and death. - Mod.LL]

    -- 
    Liz Brown
    Assistant Professor
    Alaska Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program
    School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences
    University of Alaska Fairbanks
    PO Box 1549
    Dillingham, Alaska 99576
    907-842-1265
    fax 907-842-3202
    http://seagrant.uaf.edu/map
    



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