Dear Shahul
For the purposes of instituting preventative measures such as HACCP you should assume freshwater fish will have Salmonella on the exterior and/or the gut. I am not aware of a comprehensive review of Salmonella in freshwater fish, but a few years ago I looked at the question of food poisoning organisms in farmed fish and collected the following references. I would not claim the list is complete and they are more oriented towards aquacultured fish than wild-caught, but if you can consult the journals they will give you a lead into the topic.
Peter Howgate
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Baker, D.A. & Smitherman, R.G. (1983). Immune response of Tilapia aurea exposed to Salmonella typhimurium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 46, 28-31
Baker, D.A., Smitherman, R.O. & McCaskey, T.A. (1983). Longevity of Salmonella typhimurium in Tilapia aurea and water from pools fertilized with swine waste. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45, 1548-1554
Balasubramanian, S., Rajan, M.R. & Raj, S.P. (1992). Microbiology of fish grown in sewage-fed pond. Bioresource Technology, 40, 63-66
Bocek, A.J., Brady, Y.J. & Rogers, W.A. (1992). Exposure of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, to Salmonella typhimurium. Aquaculture, 103, 9-16
Buras, N., Duek, L., Niv, S., Hepher, B. & Sandbank, E. (1987). Microbiological aspects of fish grown in treated wastewater. Water Research, 21, 1-10
Cloete, T.E., Toerien, D.F. & Pieters, A.J.H. (1984). The bacteriological quality of water and fish of a pond system for the treatment of cattle feedlot effluent. Agricultural Wastes, 9, 1-15.
Dalsgaard, A. (1998). The occurrence of human pathogenic Vibrio spp. and Salmonella in aquaculture. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 33, 127-138.
Pal, D. & Dasgupta, C.K. (1991). Interaction of some city sewage bacteria with an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigla. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 3, 124-129
González-Rodríguez, N., Sanz, J-J., Santos, J-A., Otero, A. & García-López, M-L. (2002). Numbers and types of microorganisms in vacuum-packed cold-smoked freshwater fish at the retail level. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 77, 161-168.
Heinitz, M.L., Ruble, .D.R, Wagner, D.E. & Tatini, S.R. (2000). Incidence of Salmonella in fish and seafood. Journal of Food Protection, 63, 579-592.
Hejkal, T.W., Gerba, C.P., Henderson, S. & Freeze, M. (1983). Bacteriological, virological and chemical evaluation of a wastewater-aquaculture system. Water Research, 17, 1749-1755
Lawton, R.L. Morse, E.V. (1980). Salmonella survival in freshwater and experimental infections in goldfish (Crassius auratus). Journal of Environmental Science and Health, A15, 339-358
Ogbondeminu, F.S. (1993). The occurrence and distribution of enteric bacteria in fish and water of tropical aquaculture ponds in Nigeria. Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics, 8, 61-66
Saheki, K., Kobayashi, S. & Kawanishi, T. (1989). Salmonella contamination of eel culture ponds. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 55, 675-679. (In Japanese)
Slabbert, J.L., Morgan, W.S.G. & Wood, A. (1989). Microbiological aspects of fish cultured in wastewaters - the South African experience. Water Science and Technology, 21, 307-310
van den Heever, D.J. & Frey, B.J. (1994). Microbiological quality of the catfish (Clarius gariepinus) kept in treated waste water and natural dam water. Water SA, 20, 113-118
----- Original Message -----
From: Shahul Hameed
To: Seafood research and extension information exchange
Sent: Saturday, October 11, 2003 3:49 PM
Subject: Salmonella
Dear List,
I am looking for references / information which can throw some light on whether the gut of fresh water caught fish contain Salmonella sp, caught both in polluted water and unpolluted water.
Best regards,
Shahul Hameed,
Nile Perch Fisheries Ltd,
P.O.Box: 1753,
Mwanza, Tanzania.
Tel: +255 28 2570431
Fax: +255 28 2570430
Mob: +255 744 520899
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