[LAW-LIB:55316] COPYRIGHT : ELECTRONIC TEXT: ISSUES : LAW: CASES : LIBRARIES: COLLEGE AND ACADEMIC : LIBRARY: SERVICES: Publishers Suing Georgia State University Regarding Electronic Publications Placed on their Website as Electronic Reserve Readings

From: David P. Dillard (jwne@temple.edu)
Date: Thu Apr 17 2008 - 04:13:40 PDT

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    Publishers Suing Georgia State University Regarding
    Electronic Publications Placed on their Website as
    Electronic Reserve Readings

    April 17th, 2008
    Georgia State sued over electronic course packs
    Posted by Christopher Dawson @ 2:33 am
    ZDNet
    Categories: Education Technology
    Tags: Student, Material, Internet, Christopher Dawson
    <http://education.zdnet.com/?p=1632>

    The New York Times is reporting that three publishers are suing Georgia
    State University in what appears to be the first suit of its kind. The
    publishers allege that electronic compilations of scanned materials posted
    on the school website for distribution to students violates fair use and
    requires licensing.

    Fair use, in copyright terms, allows educators to reproduce and use
    portions of copyrighted materials for instructional purposes. A set of
    guidelines can be found here, but essentially, giving students a handout
    of a few important pages is fine; copying the book (or several chapters)
    is not. More importantly, if students no longer need to buy the book (if
    they would have been likely to buy it in the first place), then this also
    represents a violation of fair use.

    ----------------------------------------

    April 16, 2008 11:11 AM PDT
    Publishers sue university over publication of class reading materials
    Posted by Dawn Kawamoto
    CNET News
    <http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9920388-7.html>

    A group of academic publishers filed a lawsuit against Georgia State
    University officials on Tuesday, alleging a systematic abuse of
    copyrighted works in the online distribution of coursework reading
    materials.

    Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, and Sage Publications
    allege the university "facilitated, enabled, encouraged, and induced"
    professors to upload the copyrighted materials to its online system for
    students to download, without first obtaining the necessary permissions or
    paying licensing fees.

    The lawsuit, filed in a U.S. District Court in Georgia, may mark the first
    time publishers have challenged universities over the electronic
    distribution of written copyrighted works, noted the plaintiffs' attorney.

    "Our clients believe this is a widespread problem," said Bruce Rich, an
    attorney with Weil, Gotshal & Manges, who is representing the plaintiffs.

    The problem first cropped up a couple years ago, noted Patricia Schroeder,
    head of the Association of American Publishers, of which the plaintiffs
    are members.

    "A couple years ago, we noted a drop-off in universities seeking copyright
    permission as they shifted to the digital world," Schroeder said. "Even
    though technology changes, the law doesn't."

    The publishers allege Georgia State University permitted its professors to
    reproduce vast amounts of copyrighted materials and combine them into
    course packets for students.

    ----------------------------------------

    Textbook publishers sue GSU for copyright infringement
    By BILL RANKIN
    The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
    Published on: 04/16/08
    Atlanta Journal Constitution
    <http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/
    stories/2008/04/16/gsusuit_0417.html>

    A shorter URL for the above link:

    <http://tinyurl.com/4bbyy4>

    DeAnna Hines, a GSU spokeswoman, said Wednesday the university was aware
    of the lawsuit but had yet to receive it. She declined to comment on the
    publishers' claims, citing the ongoing litigation.

    New York attorney R. Bruce Rich, who represents the publishers, said other
    universities, when notified, have worked out license agreements with
    publishers over the use of copyrighted materials.

    "They have managed to respect copyright principles, make customary
    payments for permissions and still enable the educational process to go
    forward without disruption," Rich said.

    The publishers made repeated attempts to reach an amicable resolution,
    without the need for litigation. But all such efforts have been "flatly
    rebuffed by Georgia State," the suit said.

    "With the university's encouragement, hundreds of professors employed by
    Georgia State have compiled thousands of copyrighted works, made them
    available for electronic distribution and invited students to download,
    view and print such materials without permission from the copyright
    owners," the lawsuit said.

    ----------------------------------------

    Publishers Sue Georgia State on Digital Reading Matter
    By KATIE HAFNER
    Published: April 16, 2008
    New York Times
    <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/16/technology/16school.html>

    The lawsuit, which may be the first of its kind, raises questions about
    digital rights, which are confronting many media companies, but also about
    core issues like the future of the business model for academic publishers.

    Indeed, as the printed word is put in digital form, holding onto rights
    seems to many like climbing up the slippery sides of a glass. The case
    centers on so-called course packs, compilations of reading materials from
    various books and journals. The lawsuit contends that in many cases,
    professors are providing students with multiple chapters of a given work,
    in violation of the "fair use" provision of copyright law. The publishers
    are seeking an order that the defendants secure permissions and pay
    licensing fees to the copyright owners.

    Officials at Georgia State, in Atlanta, declined to comment on the
    lawsuit. We have been informed that a lawsuit is being filed, a
    spokeswoman, DeAnna Hines, said. However, we have not received it, and
    therefore we wont be able to comment, pending potential litigation.

    Over the years, electronic course packs have become increasingly common,
    supplanting their physical counterparts. They consist of reading material
    taken from a variety of printed sources, which is then scanned, compiled
    and posted on a universitys Web site. By some estimates, electronic course
    packs now constitute half of all syllabus reading at American colleges and
    universities.

    ----------------------------------------

    Publishers Sue Georgia State University Over E-Reserves
    Andrew Albanese -- Library Journal, 4/16/2008
    First lawsuit over electronic course content
    No comment yet from university
    Suit claims 6700 words distributed
    Library Journal
    <http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6552021.html>

    The suit offers a remarkably detailed view of what the plaintiffs believe
    to be infringing activity at GSU, including specific examples of uses it
    considers to be well beyond the scope of fair use and a detailed appendix
    of alleged infringed materials. The suit charges that, as of February 19,
    2008, GSUs e-reserve system contained over 6700 total works available for
    some 600-plus courses, made them available for electronic distribution,
    and invited students to download, view, and print such materials without
    permission of the copyright holder.

    Notablyand probably not by accidenttwo of the three plaintiffs listed in
    the suit are non-profit university presses.

    <snip>

    Pfund said he was especially troubled by GSUs refusal to discuss what he
    considers the universitys overreaching fair use claim regarding its
    e-reserve content.

    ----------------------------------------

    Fair use on campus: publishers sue school over class reading
    By John Timmer | Published: April 16, 2008 - 11:35AM CT
    ARS Technica
    <http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080416-fair-use-
    on-campus-publishers-sue-school-over-class-reading.html>

    A shorter URL for the above link:

    <http://tinyurl.com/4ruonk>

    The Times article points out that cases that defined fair use of classroom
    material date back to the early '90s, where the means of infringement was
    the photocopier. Back then, private entities that prepared material for
    university courses were found to have infringed the copyright of
    publishers in duplicating their material. A key feature of these cases,
    however, is that the infringers were private businesses that charged for
    their copying services; many universities are not-for-profit entities.

    The ease of creating and distributing digital media has also radically
    changed the role not only of universities, but nearly everyone involved in
    the process of distributing classroom materials. Instead of farming out
    the creation of "course pack" material to a business, most campuses now
    provide server space for the material and leave it up to their faculty to
    decide what gets uploaded. Many faculty simply assume that any material
    used in teaching constitutes fair use.

    Those faculty that take copyright issues seriously have to evaluate
    materials through a process that can be intimidating. One set of
    guidelines we found came in at 3,500 wordsand that was only to determine
    whether faculty needed to read additional material. Other schools have a
    more orderly process for identifying and paying for copyrighted material,
    but still may not be able to police everything distributed by their
    faculty.

    ----------------------------------------

    Fair Use: A Double-Edged Sword
    Sanford G. Thatcher
    Journal of Scholarly Publishing
    <http://www.utpjournals.com/jsp/thatcher.html>

    Exploring the definition of fair use as a facet of copyright law in the
    United States, Sanford Thatcher examines the inherent tension caused by
    this legal notion in scholarly publishing, particularly in the new
    electronic era. Libraries, and, by extension, universities, increasingly
    advocate a stronger assertion of fair use in higher education to cope with
    diminishing funds.University presses, in contrast, view broader
    definitions of fair use as a threat to the already decreasing market
    potential for scholarly monographs, despite recognizing that their
    interests are closer to the aims of higher education than they are to the
    aims of commercial publishers.

    As an example of this double-edged sword, Thatcher discusses photocopying
    and electronic journals and their economic and legal effects on
    publishers. Without due consideration of university presses and their
    mandate to publish scholarly research, aggressive fair use will constrain
    those publishers and adversely affect the careers of the authors fair use
    is designed to assist.

    ----------------------------------------

    Although I first learned of this law case through an electronic alert, I
    have been seeing posts regarding this issue on the LibLicense discussion
    group that has a number of posts already on file regarding this topic.

    LibLicense
    <http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/index.shtml>

    LibLicense Archives
    <http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives/>

    Start Here
    <http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives/0804/maillist.html>

    Thread Title
    E-reserves lawsuit in NYTimes (Georgia State University)

    ----------------------------------------

    The complete articles may be read at the URLs provided for each.

    WEBBIB0708

    Sincerely,
    David Dillard
    Temple University
    (215) 204 - 4584
    jwne@temple.edu
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